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- <text id=90TT2343>
- <title>
- Sep. 03, 1990: Died:B.F. Skinner
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Sep. 03, 1990 Are We Ready For This?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MILESTONES, Page 72
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> DIED. B.F. Skinner, 86, a pioneer of behaviorist psychology;
- in Cambridge, Mass. Skinner advanced the concept that human and
- animal behavior can be shaped almost exclusively by the effects
- of stimulus and positive and negative reinforcement. In a
- series of laboratory experiments, he conditioned rats to press
- levers and pigeons to play table tennis by rewarding them with
- food. These feats occurred in the now famous "Skinner box," a
- soundproof enclosure with a food dispenser that a rat could
- operate by pressing a lever, and a pigeon by pecking a key.
- Skinner later applied his concept of programmed instruction to
- classroom teaching to improve students' reading, math and other
- skills through the reinforcement of praise. In his writings,
- including Walden Two and Beyond Freedom and Dignity, he called
- for restricting many individual liberties so that a Utopian
- society based on his principles of social engineering could be
- created.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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